Wideband millimeter-wave antenna design with hammer-shaped slot and enhanced radiation characteristics

Abstract

This paper presents the design and simulation of a novel hammer-shaped slotted microstrip patch antenna optimized for operation at 27 GHz. The proposed antenna structure features a truncated ground plane and is tailored to support wideband applications in the millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency spectrum. Key performance parameters such as return loss (S11), voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), far-field radiation characteristics, and gain are thoroughly analyzed. Simulation results show that the antenna achieves a wide operating bandwidth from 24.5 GHz to 30.9 GHz, with a peak gain of 6.35 dB and an excellent return loss of −37.8 dB at the central frequency. These promising results suggest that the antenna is well-suited for high-frequency applications such as 5G and radar systems.